Composition of cow milk pdf

In some countries, sheep and goat milk are also used extensively, and in asia buffalo milk may be as important. The sheep milk in comparison with cow milk presents a higher specific gravity, a viscosity, a refractive index, a titratable acidity, but low freezing point. Sep 14, 2015 colostrum is the initial milk secreted by mammals following parturition, the composition and physicochemical properties of which are highly dynamic and variable. Milk fat in the summer tends to be lower in palmitic acid relative to stearic and octadecanoic acids than milk fat from the same cows during the winter christie, 1979. Chemical composition of milk and milk products springerlink. The overview of biosynthesis of milk and its constituents is highlighted. Arans traditional milk is pure a2 milk, nattu kozhi muttai chennai, organic milk chennai, a2 milk chennai, cow milk chennai, naatu maatu paal chennai chennai handmilked in a traditional way from healthy native indian breeds and reaches your doorstep. In contrast, the milk yields per cow in india and china the second and third largest producers were respectively 1,154 kg 2,544 lb and 2,282 kg 5,031 lb per year. This subject is very important to a dairy manager because production of highquality raw milk is paramount importance for successful manufacture and marketing. At about the same time, abderhalden 2 suggested a parallel. Caseinate micelles of goat milk contain more calcium and inorganic phosphorus.

It has been known for years that variations in milk composition occur. Earlylactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mothers antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. In the first few days after birth, a special type of milk called colostrum is excreted which is rich in fats and protein. Chemical composition, sensory evaluation and starter.

While the chemical composition of cows milk has been studied for decades, much of this information is fragmentary and very dated. In general the average components can be summarised as follow. Some properties of caseins that are important to cheese making. Comparative analysis of nutrient composition of milk from. Although there are minor variations in milk composition, the milk from different cows is stored together in bulk tanks and provides a relatively consistent composition of milk year round in the u. Lipid composition of cow milk and localization in the physicochemical fractions g 100 g fat fao, 1998. If the tank average increases from 65 to 70 pounds while protein composition remains constant at 3. Therefore in the line with the above, the objectives of this paper are. There are various feeding management practices that can enhance levels of milk fat and protein concentration in milk. Bunge 1 postulated that the chemical composition of the milk of each species was correlated with the composition of the newborn. In addition, various other components of milk have been considered to be protective against dental caries31. Casein is the protein, which we utilize when making cheese.

Chemical composition, sensory evaluation and starter activity. Milk and dairy product composition 41 abstract 41 3. The average size of goat milk fat globules is about 2 micrometers, as compared to 212 312 micrometers for cow milk fat. Introduction the free dictionary simply defines milk as a whitish liquid. Inpresenting this subject, ifeel that iam going over groundwellelaboratedbeforeme, yeteven intheface ofthis itis somewhat surprising to find thelack of systematic idea entertained by physicians uponthe subjectofmilkoritsster ilization. Each species of animal yield milk of a characteristic composition. In general, cow milk is less rich in lactose, fat content. Effects on milk fat composition and cow performance of. Mian anjum murtaza, in reference module in food science, 2016. Colostrum also contains important infectionfighting antibodies. On contrary, peanut milk was richer in fat but poorer in ash than cow milk. The principal carbohydrate found in milk is lactose. Breast milk or mothers milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a human female to feed a child.

At the beginning of this century, bunge 1 postulated that the chemical composition of the milk of each species was correlated with the composition of the newborn. Four components are dominant in quantitative terms. Composition and nutritional value of raw milk accepted 2nd december, 2014 guetouache, mourad1. The vast majority of infants in the united states are fed humanmilk substitutes by 6 months of age. Most of the whey proteins will be lost with the whey during cheese making. Milk composition varies depending on the species cow, goat, sheep, breed holstein, jersey, the animals feed, and the stage of lactation.

Factors affecting milk composition of lactating cows fsa4014. Milk and milk products encyclopedia of life support. Fat globules of goat milk resemble those of cow milk in lipid composition and properties of the globule membrane, but goat milk lacks agglutinin which causes fat globules of cow milk to. Chemical composition of commercial cows milk journal of. Exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding for 1 to 2 years of life or longer, is recognized as the normative standard for infant feeding. One of the more significant differences from cow milk is found in the composition and structure of fat in goat milk. To explain the potential influencing factors on goat milk production and composition to increase awareness of the nutritive and medicinal value of goat milk nowadays, 65%72% of the worlds population drinks goats milk. Cows milk composition can vary widely between different breeds and during different stages of lactation. In general, milk fat shows the greatest daily variation, and then comes protein followed by ash and sugar. Yak milk tastes sweet and has a fragrant, sweetish smell.

The quantities of the various main constituents of milk can vary considerably between cows of different breeds and between individual cows of the same breed. Milk composition is economically important to milk producers and processors and nutritionally important to consumers. Factors affecting the composition of milk from dairy cows. Milking process the milking is done from indigenous cows by using hands. From the chemical laboratory of the new york state agricultural ezperi. Review on goat milk composition and its nutritive value. Both yield and quality of cheddar are influenced by changes in milk composition relating to the breed of cow, differences between individual cows, for example, genotype, stage of lactation, seasonal changes in climate and feed, the age of cows, mastitis, and frequency of milking. Aug 15, 2012 the concept of milk component yield versus milk composition can be illustrated by comparing different bulk tank production averages with similar protein composition. Camel milk can be three times as rich in vitamin c as cow milk and represents a vital source of this vitamin for people living in arid and semiarid areas, who often cannot obtain vitamin c from fruits and vegetables. It should be used in place of this raster image when not inferior. Mooove over, cows milk the rise of plantbased dairy.

Some of the changes in milk fat percentage and composition with temperature change can be related to changes in blood plasma lipids. Cow milk composition and factors influencing composition and yield. This food source, although inferior to human milk in multiple respects, promotes more efficient growth, development, and nutrient balance than commercially available cow milk. Bovine milk is a nutritionally rich, chemically complex biofluid consisting of hundreds of different components. On the whole, the chemical composition values of peanut. Milk plasma is defined as milk minus the milk fat globules, which is close in composition to skim milk or separated milk although separation of fat from the rest of the milk is never complete. Milk is a nutrientrich, white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. General constituents of cows milk are water, fat, protein, lactose and ash. The basic difference between humans and cows is how our stomachs function. Yak milk has between 15 and 18 percent solid content, 5. World of dairy cattle nutrition world of dairy cattle nutrition. Mooove over, cows milk the rise of plantbased dairy alternatives health concerns. Fat concentrationis the most sensitive to dietarychanges and can vary over a rangeof nearly 3. More work, however, needs to be done to establish if there is a real difference.

Casein reduced in alphas1 null milk more fat relative to protein plasmin activity. Typical gross composition kg100 kg of milk of cow, sheep, buffalo and goat milk. Milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to eat and digest other foods. Milk nutritional composition and its role in human health. Jul 16, 2015 the overview of biosynthesis of milk and its constituents is highlighted. The association of both cows milk and goats milk with infantile anemia appears to stem from low levels of iron and copper in these fluids, and the condition is easily reversed by the addition of those trace minerals to the diet. Regarding the viscosity, the sheep milk has the highest viscosity, followed by goat milk and cow milk park, 2007. Milk composition and microbiology 3 learning objectives.

The price of milk is usually determined by its fat and or snf content. There may be a change in the composition of the milk if the animal is suffering from any disease viz. The objective of this distance learning course is to understand the fundamentals of milk composition and microbiology of the milk. In an effort to consolidate and update this information, we have applied modern, quantitative metabolomics techniques along with. Cow milk is composed of different components including water, fats, proteins, ash, and lactose. Differences in chemical composition between cow colostrum and milk 6 bjvm, 11, no 1 lar to that of normal milk. Colostrum also contains important infectionfighting antibodies which strengthen the immune system of the young mammal.

Milk and dairy products food and agriculture organization. The key constituents of milk fat, protein, salts, lactose, enzymes, vitamins and their composition as well as factors affecting the chemical composition of milk are described. It is perhaps best known for being low in calories, typically between 30 and 50 per 8 oz. Milk composition affects the cheese yield and quality.

Milk composition and component yields also can be affected by genetics and environment, level of milk production, stage of lactation, disease mastitis, season and age of cow. Proximate composition of milk from different breeds of cow parameter % red bororo rb holstein friesianhf white fulani wf cross breed wfxhf. A cow needs glucose to make milk, and for use of her brain and. Definition of milk as per food standards and safety authority of india, 2006 formerly prevention of food adulteration act, 1954 and average composition of milk from cow and different species. Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation, organ. From the chemical laboratory of the new york state agricultural ezperi ment station, geneva. Comparison of the mineral composition showed that the differences between the samples were not statistically significant p0. Jun 23, 2017 in terms of cholesterol, goats milk appears to offer a specific distinction in comparison to cow s milk, cow s milk typically contains about 14 to 17 mg cholesterol per 100 g milk, while goats milk is more usually recorded at 11 to 25 mg per 100 gram of milk. Colostrum also contains important infectionfighting antibodies whi. All other milk is qualified by some adjective such as human milk, buffalo milk, and so on.

Factors affecting milk composition of lactating cows. The dairy industry needs to utilize all the riches of this raw material, which is both simple in appearance and complex in composition. Therefore only limit values can be stated for the variations. Manyfactors influence the of milk, the major of which are water, fat, protein,lactose and minerals. Chemical composition, sensory evaluation and starter activity in cow, soy, peanut and rice milk. Camel milk has a similar composition to cow milk but is slightly saltier. Lactose malabsorption symptoms and cow milk protein allergy are generally considered to be the adverse reactions to milk consumption. Colostrum is the initial milk secreted by mammals following parturition, the composition and physicochemical properties of which are highly dynamic and variable. Milk and milk products encyclopedia of life support systems. Differences between cows and human milk jama network. The handbook of milk composition summarizes current information on all aspects of human and bovine milk, including. It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals including humans who are breastfed before they are able to digest other types of food.

The composition of human milk is the biologic norm for infant nutrition. The lysozyme activity in the colostrum of cows with high and low milk yield changes from 0. It is possible to distinguish the cis fatty acids and trans fatty acids figure 1. Sweetened varieties, however, can contain up to 90 calories per cup and 16 g of sugar. Nutritionor dietary influences readilyalter fat concentrationand milkprotein concentration. In general, cow milk is less rich in lactose, fat content and protein. Nature of variation in milk composition, genetic, physiological and environmental and the sources of variation. The milk of some breeds of same species is comparatively higher in fat content than those of the other breeds e. Chemical composition and medicinal values of camel milk.